The history of the Naval Memorial is strongly connected with German
history in the 20th century. Originally erected as a memorial for the
German sailors killed in World War I, it has changed to an
internationally accepted peace monument after World War II. It is
maintained by the Deutscher Marinebund, the German Naval Association. The German Naval Association was founded in 1891 during the heydays of
the German Imperial Navy as a naval veterans organisation. It was
fiercly patriotic and thus Germanys defeat in World War I was a strong
blow for the German Naval Association.
In 1926 Wilhelm Lammertz, a former petty officer in the German Navy and
former chairman of the Marine‑Kameradschaft (Naval Club) Duisburg, came
up with the idea to erect a memorial for the German sailors killed in
the Great War.
His intention was to create a place of commemoration for those German
sailors who had lost their life during the First World War and who's
place of rest could not be decorated with tombstones and flowers. But it
should not only be a place of mourning but also a token towards the
future. The young generation should me made aware of the importance
re-creating a strong German navy.
Lammertz' idea of a German Naval memoiral was quickly adopted by the
Naval Association and after a architectural competition was decided in
favour of a design by Professor Gustav August Munzer from Düsseldorf.
The requirements specified were a monument of plain and simple form,
which when seen from a distance would blend with the coastline yet be
easily recognizable. Donations given by both, members of the Naval
Association and those serving in the German Navy at that time. The
project received no financial aid by the German government.
As location for the new memorial the site of a recently disarmed coastal
battery at Laboe was chosen. It proved to be an excellent position,
since the monument is situated at the entrance of the Kiel fjord, near
the locks of the Kiel Canal, a busy shipping route which carries most of
the commercial sea traffic between the Baltic and the North Sea,
respectively the Atlantic ocean.
The site of the German Naval Memorial provides a superb view to the open
sea. Interpretations of the tower, rising to a height of 85 metres above
sea level, range from the conning tower of a German submarine to a ships
stem with rudder. The architects intention, however, as Prof. Munzer
himself had pointed out, was to create a building resembling a rising
flame, thus connecting the sea and the land with the sky.
The foundation stone of the German Naval Memorial was laid an the 8th of
August 1927 by Admiral Reinhard Scheer, commander-in-chief of the German
High Sea Fleet during the battle of Jutland 1916 and then Honorary
President of the Deutscher Marinebund.
Admiral Scheer dedicated the memorial to „Für deutsche Seemannsehr', für
Deutschlands schwimmende Wehr, für beider Wiederkehr“, in English: “To
German seamens honour, to Germanys floating arms, may both return.”
Besides commemoration the hope of retaliation for the lost war spoke
from this dedication, an interpretation that was later taken up by the
Nazi regime.
After nine years of construction, the Naval Memorial was inaugurated on
the 31st of May 1936, the day before the 20th anniversary of the battle
of Jutland, with a grand ceremony and an act-of-state.
Adolf Hitler was also present but did not hold a speech. In his stead
Generaladmiral Erich Raeder, Commander-in-Chief of the German navy,
spoke. In his speech, Admiral Raeder interpreted the memorial according
to national socialist ideology as a symbol of regained German naval
power. Hitler, however, never came back to Laboe - he even despised the
memorial as an “unparalled item of kitsch.”
The Naval Memorial survived World War II largely undamaged. After
Germany's surrender in May 1945, the Marine-Ehrenmal was confiscated by
the British occupation forces. However, it was not destroyed as other
military memorials, being dedicated as a personal tribute to German
naval war losses. As the British Military Administration stated, the
memorial did not “glorify war and the spirit of aggression, but belongs
to those whose intention is a personal tribute to the seamen who died
for their country.”
The British re‑organisation board was by fortunate co‑incidence located
in the same building as the current Social Secretary of the Deutscher
Marinebund who was head of a law firm, with his legal guidance the Naval
Memorial was returned to its former owners.
In 1954, the memorial was given back to the re-founded German Naval
Association. During the restitution ceremony Otto Kretschmer, a famous
Uboat commander during World War II and then president of the German
Naval Association, dedicated the German Naval Memorial not only to the
killed German sailors, but to all mariners who had lost their lives in
both World Wars, including the allied war victims: “Dem Gedenken aller
toten deutschen Seefahrer beider Weltkriege und unserer toten Gegner”,
in English:
“In commemoration of all dead German seamen and to our dead
enemies”. Thus a new tradition of commemmoration was established,
interpreting the German Naval Memorial as a international peace
memorial. Until this day, the DMB feels obliged to this commemorative
tradition.
To further underline and strenghten this commemorative tradition and to
highlight the Naval Memorials role a international place of remembrace,
the German Naval Association in 1996 decided to give it a new
dedication: “Gedenkstätte für die auf See gebliebenen aller Nationen.
Mahnmal für eine friedliche Seefahrt auf allen Meeren.” In English: “Memorial for all those who died at sea and for peaceful navigation in
free waters.”
In the last decades, the Memorial has achieved international
significance. In the Hall of Commemoration you will always find fresh
flowers and wreaths, laid by German and foreign delegations or private
groups or individuals.
To this day, naval as well as merchant ships dip their flags on passing
the Memorial in honour of all who died at sea.
Reference
The Naval Memorial in Laboe is accessible for disabled! Remember our post:"Treppenlift in der Historischen Halle".
Infoservices
The German Naval Memorial in our Imagefilm
Impressions of the German Navy
PR-Material of the German Naval Memorial
Information for Students and Teacher
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